Sometimes parents worry that their children aren’t coping at school, or their results don’t seem to match their potential. For some kids, Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) could be the problem. The earlier you identify it, the better.
What Is Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)?
Auditory Processing Disorder is a hearing condition where the ears function normally, but the brain struggles to process and interpret sound. This disconnect can make it hard for children to understand verbal instructions, especially in noisy environments like classrooms.
Children with APD might seem like they have hearing loss, yet they pass standard hearing tests conducted in quiet settings. Despite having normal intelligence, they may:
- Struggle to follow verbal instructions, especially complex ones.
- Need frequent repetition of instructions.
- Have difficulty with reading, spelling, and retaining auditory information.
How Common Is APD?
APD affects an estimated 3–15% of children, with boys being diagnosed more often than girls. Unfortunately, many cases go undiagnosed, as APD often presents like other learning or behavioural challenges, such as:
- Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD).
- Speech and language problems.
- Reading disorders.
Signs Your Child Might Have APD
Here are some red flags to watch for:
- Difficulty following multi-step instructions.
- Frequently asking, “What?” or “Can you repeat that?”
- Struggling with phonics, spelling, or times tables.
- Trouble focusing in noisy environments.
- Mishearing or misinterpreting spoken words.
Causes of APD
APD may be caused by:
- Birth trauma or complications.
- A history of otitis media (glue ear).
- Genetic factors.
How Is APD Diagnosed?
Diagnosing APD is not straightforward and requires specialised testing. It often involves a team of professionals, including audiologists, speech-language therapists, and educators.
Treatment Options for APD
The good news is that there are effective treatments for APD, including:
1. Hearing Training
Improves listening skills and auditory processing through targeted exercises.
2. Language Therapy
Focuses on enhancing understanding and communication skills.
3. FM Listening Devices
Personal FM systems amplify the teacher’s voice and reduce background noise, helping children focus in the classroom.
Research Insight:
Professor Suzanne Purdy from the University of Auckland found that FM systems not only provide immediate support but can also improve auditory skills over time, potentially reducing the need for long-term device use.
4. Classroom Accommodations
Teachers can support children with APD by:
- Providing written instructions alongside verbal ones.
- Seating the child near the front to minimise distractions.
- Reducing background noise wherever possible.
Supporting Your Child at Home
- Create a Quiet Study Space: Minimise noise and distractions during homework time.
- Use Visual Aids: Supplement verbal instructions with pictures, charts, or written steps.
- Break Instructions Into Smaller Steps: Help your child process information by keeping instructions simple and concise.
- Practice Listening Games: Play sound-based games to improve auditory skills, such as “Simon Says” or “I Spy.”
Auditory Processing Disorder can significantly impact your child’s learning and development, but with early intervention and the right support, children with APD can thrive. If you suspect APD, seek professional assessment and explore the many treatment options available to help your child succeed.
APD Support Group
There is now a national support group for families living with APD, Hear for Families. For further information, contact sara@nfd.org.nz.
Bill Keith is an Audiologist and CEO of APD specialist clinic, SoundSkills. SoundSkills is dedicated to diagnosing and treating APD. Audiologists, speech therapists and education advisers provide specialised testing and individually tailored remediation programmes. www.soundskills.co.nz
